Contracting Under Vendor Managed Inventory Systems Using Holding Cost Subsidies

Vendor managed inventory systems are becoming increasingly popular. An important issue in implementing a vendor managed inventory scheme is the contracting terms that dictate the ownership of the inventory and the responsibility of inventory replenishment decisions. Thus the performance of a vendor managed system crucially depends on these terms and on how inventory‐related costs are shared in a supply chain. We consider a system where a manufacturer supplies a single product to a retailer who faces random demand in a competitive market. The retailer incurs a fixed cost per order, inventory holding cost, and a penalty cost for a stockout (unsatisfied demand is back‐ordered). Further, the manufacturer incurs a penalty cost when there is a stockout at the retailer and a fixed replenishment cost. We assume that the players are rational and act noncooperatively. We compare the performance of retailer managed inventory systems, where the retailer places orders and makes replenishment decisions, with vendor managed inventory systems, wherein the vendor or manufacturer makes inventory and replenishment decisions. Specifically, in the vendor managed inventory system, we propose and evaluate holding cost subsidy‐type contracts on inventories offered by the retailer to improve system performance. We evaluate this contract in the context of three widely used inventory systems—deterministic economic order quantity, continuous review (Q, r) policies, and periodic review policies—and show when such contracts may improve channel performance.     

高新技术企业基层主管胜任力测度模型研究

胜任力模型是制定人力资源管理相关决策的基础,已有文献关注的重点是中高层管理者,对基层主管胜任力的研究相对薄弱。少量研究构建的基层主管胜任力模型与组织发展需求存在一定的滞后性。因此,选择基层主管胜任力作为关注焦点,构建与高新技术企业情境相对应的基层主管胜任力结构及测度模型,提出了基层主管胜任力的2阶8维的概念模型;采用360度和问卷调查相结合的方法收集大样本数据进行修正;基于AHP确定了基层主管胜任力维度及特征指标赋权,形成了最终的基层主管胜任力测度模型。     

河北省环境效率与影响因素

河北省建设京津冀生态环境支撑区写进了《京津冀协同发展规划纲要》,其主旨在于改善空气和水资源环境质量,提高环境效率,为京津冀协同发展提供环境支撑。采用线性函数转换方法,把环境污染物当成有害的产出加入到常规DEA模型中,计算出河北省11地市2001—2014年的环境效率值,并运用Tobit模型对影响环境效率的因素进行面板数据回归。得出如下结论：（1）当前的环境质量无法适应京津冀协同发展的要求,尤以保定、邢台和邯郸3市环境效率较低,资源投入存在着不同程度的低效率利用。（2）人均收入、产业结构和技术水平对环境效率的提高有正向作用,人口密度对环境效率具有负向作用。（3）京津冀治理区域性环境污染,需要三地共同努力,关键在于调整河北省“偏重”的产业结构和“偏煤”的能源结构,实现京津冀生态环境协同发展。     

Is there still such a thing as the ‘European social model'?

This article presents a definition and characterisation of the ‘European social model’ (ESM), admitting the existence of variants and increasing heterogeneity in institutional and social contexts within the EU in the wake of successive enlargements. The constituent parts of the ESM are compared with data observed in the different countries, in search of empirical evidence of the ESM‘s position as a distinctive model of development, characteristic of Western Europe as opposed to the paths taken by other non‐European developed OECD countries.     

基于广义双曲线分布的人民币汇率波动性研究

针对人民币汇率的波动性问题,运用广义双曲线分布,对2006年1月4日到2015年7月24日美元兑人民币汇率的波动特征进行实证分析。研究认为,人民币汇率不仅具有显著的“尖峰厚尾”特点,而且具有波动的非对称性和集群性特征,同时发现GH分布能较为准确地描述和呈现美元兑人民币汇率收益率波动状况的分布情况。     

全球经济社会转型与马克思社会哲学模式的再认识

建立在劳动和资本分析基础上的“经济基础-上层建筑”、“自然关系-社会关系”双层冲突论,构成马克思社会哲学的完整模式。“西方”与“非西方”世界构成当今全球经济社会转型紧密联系的两面。仅从西方世界内部来看,其消费社会转型使“消费”、“社会关系”等上升为其社会矛盾的主要方面,“生产”、“自然关系”等则相对退居其次,这导致其内部社会冲突的“去自然化”;而从全球范围来看,西方通过资本跨国流通把作为“人与自然之间的物质变换活动”的生产转移到非西方国家,则是将全球社会冲突“再自然化”的现实依据。“自然关系一社会关系”之间的冲突,构成当今全球经济社会转型中的主要矛盾之一,重构马克思社会哲学模式,具有极其重大的时代意义和本土意义。     

Has the Nordic Welfare Model Been Transformed?

The Nordic welfare model is undergoing a fundamental transformation. Using Denmark we show how a universal welfare state model is gradually being transformed into an emergent multi‐tiered welfare state. Whereas the Danish pension system's having become multi‐tiered in the 1990s, with private schemes – collective and individual – supplementing public schemes is well documented, scant attention has focused on more recent developments in other areas of the welfare state. This article shows how the multi‐tiered welfare state spread in the 2000s to policies for families, the unemployed and the sick. Although Denmark still offers universal coverage in core welfare state areas, the increased use of occupational and fiscal welfare as well as changes in public schemes has gradually transformed the nation into a multi‐tiered welfare state that is more dualistic and individualistic, with participation in the labour market becoming still more important for entitlement to benefits. These profound changes have taken place in such a way that although core characteristics are still in place, new structures and understandings of the welfare state are also developing. Thus classical typologies need revision, so that they include more focus on this combination of universality and institutional attachment to the labour market. Moreover, measures of what welfare comprises should include not only public but also private elements.     

交易量持续期的模型选择：密度预测方法

运用密度预测方法,考虑残差项分别服从威布尔、伽玛和极值分布情况下,选取在上海证券交易所上市的浦发银行和G中海两支股票的高频交易数据,对拟合交易量持续期的对数自回归条件持续期(LOG-ACD)模型、随机条件持续期(SCD)模型和马尔科夫转换自回归条件持续期(MSACD)模型进行了评价比较研究。研究表明,绝大部分模型捕捉到了交易量持续期的聚集性特征;MSACD模型无论在模型样本内拟合还是模型样本外预测方面,均优于LOG-ACD模型和SCD模型。     

中国农村人口流动的影响因素与实施对策——基于推拉理论的托达罗修正模型

中国农村剩余劳动力数量巨大,如何在城市就业空间有限的情况下有效地解决中国农村剩余劳动力的合理转移问题,是推进城镇化和提升农民收入以及实现社会稳定和可持续发展的重要举措之一。在托达罗人口流动模型的基础上,引入"推拉理论",结合中国农村人口流动实际状况,对托达罗人口流动模型进行修正,并以此构建多元回归模式进行逐步回归分析,结果表明:在农村人口流动的过程中应当加快第二、第三产业的发展,加大培训"农民工"专业技能的力度;深化体制改革,消除城乡二元分割的制度壁垒,构建城乡衔接的社会福利制度;加快工业化和城市化进程,建立城乡统一的劳动力市场,从而进一步促进农村劳动力人口向城镇的有效转移。